Choose a law pair
BNS 2023 vs IPC 1860
→Compare the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 with the Indian Penal Code 1860 — the new substantive criminal law of India alongside the 164-year-old code it replaces.
BNSS 2023 vs CrPC 1973
→Compare the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita 2023 with the Code of Criminal Procedure 1973 — India’s new and old criminal procedure codes.
BSA 2023 vs IEA 1872
→Compare the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam 2023 with the Indian Evidence Act 1872 — India’s new and old laws of evidence.
About the 2023 criminal-law reforms
On 25 December 2023 Parliament enacted three statutes to replace the IPC 1860, CrPC 1973 and Indian Evidence Act 1872. They came into force on 1 July 2024. This tool is intended for law students, practitioners, UPSC/CLAT/judicial-services aspirants, journalists and anyone trying to understand how a specific provision has changed.
- BNS 2023 (Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita) replaces the IPC 1860 — substantive criminal law.
- BNSS 2023 (Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita) replaces the CrPC 1973 — criminal procedure.
- BSA 2023 (Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam) replaces the Indian Evidence Act 1872 — law of evidence.
Content shown here is sourced from the official statute texts. This tool is for educational reference and is not a substitute for legal advice or for the Gazette copy of the Act.